January Blog
China is the world's most populous country, with a continuous culture stretching back nearly 4,000 years. Many of the elements that make up the foundation of the modern world originated in After stagnating for more than two decades under the rigid authoritarianism of early communist rule under its late leader, Chairman Mao, OverviewThe People's Republic of The leadership of Mao Tse-Tung oversaw the often brutal implementation of a Communist vision of society. Millions died in the Great Leap Forward - a programme of state control over agriculture and rapid industrialisation - and the Cultural Revolution, a chaotic attempt to root out elements seen as hostile to Communist rule. However, Mao's death in 1976 ushered in a new leadership and economic reform. In the early 1980s the government dismantled collective farming and again allowed private enterprise. The rate of economic change hasn't been matched by political reform, with the Communist Party - the world's biggest political party - retaining its monopoly on power and maintaining strict control over the people. The authorities still crack down on any signs of opposition and send outspoken dissidents to labour camps. Economy Nowadays The collapse in international export markets that accompanied the global financial crisis of 2009 initially hit As a member of the World Trade Organization, Some Chinese fear that the rise of private enterprise and the demise of state-run industries carries heavy social costs such as unemployment and instability. Moreover, the fast-growing economy has fuelled the demand for energy. Social discontent The economic disparity between urban
Social discontent manifests itself in protests by farmers and workers. Tens of thousands of people travel to Other pressing problems include corruption, which affects every level of society, and the growing rate of HIV infection. A downside of the economic boom has been environmental degradation; Human rights Human rights campaigners continue to criticise Chinese rule over · · Full name: People's Republic of · Population: 1.35 billion (UN, 2010) · Capital: · Largest city: · Area: 9.6 million sq km (3.7 million sq miles) · Major language: Mandarin Chinese · Major religions: Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism · Life expectancy: 72 years (men), 76 years (women) (UN) · Monetary unit: 1 Renminbi (yuan) (Y) = 10 jiao = 100 fen; · Main exports: Manufactured goods, including textiles, garments, electronics, arms · GNI per capita: US $3,590 (World Bank, 2009) · Internet domain: .cn · International dialling code: +86 · Media Head of state: President Hu Jintao Little was known about the low-profile Mr Hu when he was elected by the National People's Congress in March 2003.
His position as the presidential heir-apparent had been cemented at the 16th Communist Party Congress in 2002, when he succeeded Jiang Zemin as head of the party. He was re-elected as president in March 2008. Mr Jiang's decision to stand down as head of the powerful Central Military Commission in 2004, three years earlier than planned, was said to have completed the first orderly transition of power since the communist revolution in 1949. Mr Hu has made the fight against corruption a priority; he has promised to promote good governance, saying the fate of socialism is at stake. But he has rejected Western-style political reforms, warning that they would lead Responding to rising social tensions and Mr Hu is scheduled to retire as head of the Communist Party in 2012 and as president in 2013. Vice-President Xi Jinping is seen as a likely candidate for the succession, especially after being appointed vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission, which is regarded as a key stepping stone to the top job. Hu Jintao was born in A committed Communist Party member since 1964, his party career took off in the late 1970s. In the 1980s he served as party chief in He is said to enjoy dancing and table tennis and has been described as a cautious, intelligent man. Party loyalty and obedience are believed to have contributed to his political rise. · Vice-president: Xi Jinping · Prime minister: Wen Jiabao · Foreign minister: Yang Jiechi · National People's Congress chairman: Wu Bangguo · Outlets operate under tight Communist Party control. The opening-up of the industry has extended to distribution and advertising, not to editorial content. However, there is leeway for independent coverage that is not perceived as a threat to social stability or the Party. At least 24 journalists across Beijing tries to limit access to foreign news by restricting rebroadcasting and the use of satellite receivers, by jamming shortwave broadcasts, including those of the BBC, and by blocking websites. Ordinary readers have no access to foreign newspapers.
Fears that the media in There are more than 2,000 newspapers. Each city has its own title, usually published by the local government, as well as a local Communist Party daily. There are an estimated 1,000 state-owned radio stations. With nearly 1.2 billion viewers, TV is a popular news source and the sector is competitive, especially in cities. State-run Chinese Central TV (CCTV) is In 2009, With 420 million surfers (China Internet Network Information Centre, June 2010) An extensive web filtering system, dubbed the "Great Firewall of China", is one of the "most technologically-advanced in existence", according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF). It blocks tens of thousands of sites using URL filtering and keyword censoring. Thousands of cyber-police watch the web. Internet cafes are closely monitored. Filtering targets material deemed politically and socially sensitive. Blocked resources include Facebook, Twitter, and human rights sites. RSF lists The press · Renmin Ribao (People's Daily) - Communist Party daily, web pages in English · Zhongguo Qingnian Bao (China Youth Daily) - state-run, linked to Communist Youth League · China Daily - state-run, English-language · Jiefangjun Bao - People's Liberation Army daily, web pages in English · Zhongguo Jingji Shibao (China Economic Times) - state-run, daily · Fazhi Ribao (Legal Daily) - state-run · Gongren Ribao (Workers' Daily) - state-run · Nongmin Ribao (Farmers' Daily) - state-run, agricultural and rural issues · Nanfang Ribao (Southern Daily) - Communist Party daily, Television · Chinese Central TV (CCTV) - state-run national broadcaster, networks include English-language CCTV News Radio · China National Radio - state-run · China Radio International - state-run external broadcaster, programmes in more than 40 languages, notably to News agency · Xinhua (New China News Agency) - state-run, web pages in English |
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